Mark Twain used to toss around a saying about three kinds of lies. There are lies, damned lies, and statistics. This week in biotech, we saw some statistics that could lead some people to get a false impression that everything is just peachy in biotechland.
If you measure the state of life science innovation by the amount of money flowing in, things look swell. Venture capitalists poured $4.73 billion into 446 biotech companies last year, according to the MoneyTree report by the National Venture Capital Association and PricewaterhouseCoopers, based on data from Thomson Reuters. The venture industry association’s press release cheerily noted that overall venture funding jumped 22 percent last year. While software is still the No. 1 and faster-growing sector of the two, biotech held its own, with a solid 22 percent gain in dollars invested compared with a year earlier.
You have to dig deeper to see what’s really going on. There is still a good amount of money going toward late-stage development of drugs people started working on 10-15 years ago. But there is an alarming drop in support for today’s cutting-edge biotech startups. Last year, just 153 U.S. biotech and medical device startups got their first round of financing, the lowest amount of seed investment activity in 15 years, as reported by Ryan Flinn of Bloomberg News.
There’s something really wrong with this picture. Most any biologist will tell you we are living in a golden age of discovery, at a time when we will soon be sequencing entire human genomes for $1,000 in one day. We are able to ask questions about how life works that nobody could even imagine asking a few years ago. It ought to be the time to charge ahead with basic research, and early-stage R&D to test exciting new concepts in diseases like cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, HIV, and more.
But everywhere you look, the story is about cuts, cuts, cuts. The National Institutes of Health, the primary government agency that supports basic biomedical research, used to write checks for one out of every three grant applications, but it’s now down to about one out of every six, NIH director Francis Collins said earlier this month at the JP Morgan Healthcare Conference. Pharma companies are cutting back on R&D, firing workers left and right, and leaning on cheaper outsourced vendors everywhere they can. As many as one-fourth to one-half of biotech venture capitalists are thought to be slowly going out of business, as they are unable to raise new investment funds. The same IPO investors that want to buy Facebook shares look at biotech stocks like a four-year-old looks at lima beans.
There are good reasons why we see all those things happening. Pharma companies have created enormous inefficiencies for themselves through mega-mergers, and now they need to spend years trying to get their houses in order. Biotech as an industry has overpromised and underdelivered, and many investors are tired of it. The FDA, stung by various drug safety scandals, has been cautious about approving new drugs (although there are signs that FDA leadership wants a more balanced approach). And of course, our society is still struggling to come to terms with healthcare reform, and the realization that it’s unsustainable to spend infinite amounts of money on healthcare.
All that said, an entrepreneur or a bold Big Pharma executive is the kind of person who looks at that picture and believes he or she can overcome the hurdles, and form a plan to turn vision into reality. But there aren’t that many people out there with the can-do spirit, or guts, to put down real money behind really talented teams devoted to the discovery of new drugs. And because everybody’s talking about how to go from Phase I to Phase II with drugs people invented years ago, there’s a real possibility that once those projects run their course, we’ll all look around in 2020 and wonder where all the wonderful new drugs are going to come from.
“You can really get into a vicious cycle when you have to eat your own seed corn,” says John LaMattina, a senior partner with PureTech Ventures, and the former president of R&D at Pfizer.
There are exceptions, of course, with a few people trying creative new ways to plant seed corn. Third Rock Ventures and Atlas Venture are a couple of VC firms that have remained active, continuing to bet big on the edgiest stuff coming out of the labs. Most every Big Pharma company has set aside cash for corporate venture firms that are seeking to help fill the void being created by the shrinkage of traditional VC. Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, Bayer, and deserve credit for working on creative new collaborations with top biomedical universities and research centers, which seek to minimize some of the problems with the fruitless alliances of the past. J&J made news this past week when it unveiled an incubator for 18-20 startups in San Diego which looks to fill up some lab space it had vacated through its own internal R&D cutbacks.
Right now, we are in an age of experimentation with new organizational structures for supporting biomedical R&D. The hope is that these new organizations can reduce the time, money, and high-risk profile that has made life sciences such a hit-or-miss investment over the years. Pharma companies know they don’t
