Drugmakers were big newsmakers this week, with announcements of financings and personnel moves. Sylvia also wrote her column on the incompetencies often found in biotech companies that drive up the cost of drug development. —Ryan captured his interview with John Glaser, the chief information officer of Boston’s Partners HealthCare. Glaser discussed the challenges and changes … Continue reading “Third Rock Invests in Ablexis, Acceleron Grabs $8.4M, Alnylam Chief Joins Agios Board, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News”
Author: Erin Kutz
Erin Kutz has a background in covering business, politics and general news. She holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism from Boston University. Erin previously worked in the Boston bureau of Reuters, where she wrote articles on the investment management and mutual fund industries. While in college, she researched for USA Today reporter Jayne O’Donnell’s book, Gen Buy: How Tweens, Teens and Twenty-Somethings Are Revolutionizing Retail. She also spent a semester in Washington, DC, reporting Capitol Hill stories as a correspondent for two Connecticut newspapers and interning in the Money section of USA Today, where she assisted with coverage on the retail and small business beats. Erin got her first taste of reporting at Boston University’s independent student newspaper, as a city section reporter and fact checker and editor of the paper’s weekly business section.
The XSITE 2010 Slide Show
It’s been a week since our 2010 Xconomy Summit on Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship, and we’re still excited about it—and still hearing good feedback from the business community. We’ve already taken a look at some of the high points of the day (which included a vocal and guitar performance by Xconomy CEO Bob Buderi), but … Continue reading “The XSITE 2010 Slide Show”
$11M for GetJar
GetJar, a San Mateo, CA-based mobile app store, said it has wrapped up an $11 million Series B financing from Accel Partners. GetJar, which describes itself as the world’s second largest app store, is using the new cash to expand its offerings for mobile operating systems that are more open to app developers, such as … Continue reading “$11M for GetJar”
Nuxeo Finds $3.3M
Nuxeo, a maker of open source enterprise content management software, announced it has added another $3.3 million to its Series A round of funding. The new tranche was led by OTC Asset Management, and brings the round’s total to $5.9 million. Nuxeo, which is headquartered in Paris but has U.S. operations in Burlington, MA, will use … Continue reading “Nuxeo Finds $3.3M”
Startup School, Round Two: The 2010 Xconomy Guide to Venture Incubators
A common trait among entrepreneurs is their distaste for working alone. Fortunately, there are programs across the country that aim to surround startups with entrepreneur comrades, seasoned execs, and investors, to provide both community and guidance. We rounded up these programs last year in the inaugural Xconomy Guide to Venture Incubators, and are back again … Continue reading “Startup School, Round Two: The 2010 Xconomy Guide to Venture Incubators”
Massachusetts Startups Pull in $186M in May; Life Sciences Companies Take the Top Five Deals
Last month was not at all about equality, at least when it came to venture investing. Overall, monthly venture investing totals have remained pretty stable for most of the spring in Massachusetts, hovering around the $200 million neighborhood, based on data provided by private company intelligence platform CB Insights. (That’s only counting deals worth $1 … Continue reading “Massachusetts Startups Pull in $186M in May; Life Sciences Companies Take the Top Five Deals”
Jackpot Scores $14M, MIT Startup Wins 20K-Euro Prize, Nuance Acquires ShapeWriter, & More Boston-Area Deals News
We saw news of financings for stealthy startups in healthcare and IT, as well as an acquisition in the mobile space, and a business competition prize winner. —Predictive BioSciences raised $25 million in Series C funding, to put towards selling its test for bladder cancer and for developing its diagnostics technology. New investor ProQuest Investments, … Continue reading “Jackpot Scores $14M, MIT Startup Wins 20K-Euro Prize, Nuance Acquires ShapeWriter, & More Boston-Area Deals News”
Tatara Gets $7M
Acton, MA-based Tatara Systems, a maker of mobile convergence servers, announced it had closed a $7 million financing, led by North Bridge Venture Partners. Highland Capital Partners also contributed to the funding for Tatara, which develops platforms for mobile network integration.
$8M for Acceleron
Acceleron Pharma, a Cambridge, MA-based maker of genetically engineered drugs for treating conditions such as anemia and bone loss, has pulled in $8.4 million of a planned $11.5 million offering of equity, options, and warrants, according to an SEC filing. Members of Advanced Technology Ventures, Venrock Associates, Flagship Ventures, OrbiMed Advisors, and Polaris Venture Partners … Continue reading “$8M for Acceleron”
RelayRides, Out to Be the Community-Powered Zipcar, Hits the Ground With Pilot Rental Program
In 2007 Shelby Clark’s car died just as he crossed into San Francisco, ready to start work with micro-lending nonprofit Kiva.org. He discovered ZipCar once he got to the Bay Area and a year later still hadn’t bought a car of his own. Fast-forward to November 2008. Clark had moved to Boston to attend Harvard … Continue reading “RelayRides, Out to Be the Community-Powered Zipcar, Hits the Ground With Pilot Rental Program”
Jackpot Rewards Scores $14M
Newton, MA-based Jackpot Rewards, a provider of online sweepstakes and rewards programs, has raised $14.1 million in a convertible debt financing, according to an SEC filing. The startup pulled in $12 million in debt-based funding back in October. Wade profiled Jackpot in February 2008 when it announced plans for weekly $1 million sweepstakes with guaranteed … Continue reading “Jackpot Rewards Scores $14M”
Pawan Deshpande, Son of Desh Deshpande, Launches Software for Automating Corporate Blogging
Having your son follow in your footsteps seems like a pretty good Father’s Day present. Pawan Deshpande, son of well-known Boston-area entrepreneur Gururaj “Desh” Deshpande, is announcing the formal launch of his Cambridge-based startup HiveFire‘s software product today. The younger Deshpande’s technology and market differ greatly from his father’s ventures (which include optical switch maker … Continue reading “Pawan Deshpande, Son of Desh Deshpande, Launches Software for Automating Corporate Blogging”
Metcalfe Says Gore Is Back for Another Bubble, Fitton Likens Raising Angel Funding to Dating, Xconomy CEO Sings New England’s Praises (Literally), and More XSITE 2010 Highlights
Thanks to everyone who made it out to Babson College for the 2010 Xconomy Summit on Innovation, Technology, & Entrepreneurship! We had a great crowd, representing all slices of the innovation community here in New England. And we heard some new, off-the-cuff perspectives from some familiar faces, as well as talks from emerging companies and … Continue reading “Metcalfe Says Gore Is Back for Another Bubble, Fitton Likens Raising Angel Funding to Dating, Xconomy CEO Sings New England’s Praises (Literally), and More XSITE 2010 Highlights”
Curis Misses Mark in Cancer Drug Trial, Genzyme Re-Elects Full Board, GTC Cuts Jobs, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News
This week we saw news from Genzyme’s much-awaited annual meeting, in addition to funding news and profiles of startups with Boston roots and West Coast backing. —Nonprofit organization Women Entrepreneurs in Science and Technology held its third annual Leadership Awards celebration. Three of the four award winners were from life sciences companies: On-Q-ity CEO Mara … Continue reading “Curis Misses Mark in Cancer Drug Trial, Genzyme Re-Elects Full Board, GTC Cuts Jobs, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News”
Tim Berners-Lee and Group of Boston Web Gurus Leading New MIT Class to Get Linked Data to Market
The usual sequence for high-tech entrepreneurs is to study, get a degree, get a job, then start a company and build a product. But a star-studded team of instructors for Linked Data Ventures, a graduate-level class premiering at MIT this fall, hopes to mix that up a bit. They envision the course as a direct … Continue reading “Tim Berners-Lee and Group of Boston Web Gurus Leading New MIT Class to Get Linked Data to Market”
Polaris Raises $234M for New Fund, BioScale Pins Down $25M, Clinical Data Nets $30M, & More Boston-Area Deals News
New England-area deal-making news came back with a roar in the last week. We saw headlines of stock sales, myriad stages of venture funding, acquisitions, and a top venture capital firm’s moves to raise money for a new fund. —Etouches, a Ridgefield, CT-based meeting planning company turned software-as-a-service business, said it raised $2.5 million in … Continue reading “Polaris Raises $234M for New Fund, BioScale Pins Down $25M, Clinical Data Nets $30M, & More Boston-Area Deals News”
Sonicbids Acquires ArtistData
Boston-based Sonicbids, whose website helps bands discover and book gigs, announced it has acquired ArtistData, an online platform for publishing gig information. Sonicbids, which was used to bookmore than 71,000 gigs last year, says the acquisition of San Francisco-based ArtistData will better enable its customers to market and promote shows through social networks and concert databases. … Continue reading “Sonicbids Acquires ArtistData”
2010’s Innovative Dozen: The XSITE Xpo Showcase Companies
[Updated, 6/16/10] We’re excited about our full-day Xconomy Summit on Innovation, Technology, & Entrepreneurship coming up this Thursday, June 17, which will be packed with presenters from all slices of the tech and startup space in the Boston area. And we’ll be capping off the day by bringing you a dozen young companies that we … Continue reading “2010’s Innovative Dozen: The XSITE Xpo Showcase Companies”
Exogenesis Brings in $3.7M
Exogenesis, a Billerica, MA-based biotech startup, has raised $3.7 million of a $4.1 million equity offering, according to an SEC filing. Members of Inflection Point Ventures and Venture Capital Fund of New England are listed as directors on the filing for the funding. Exogenesis, founded in 2005, develops what it calls “gas cluster ion beam … Continue reading “Exogenesis Brings in $3.7M”
WEST Honors Women Leaders in Tech and Life Sciences to Encourage Others in the Fields
Here’s the latest in a string of events this month celebrating entrepreneurship (June is Innovation Month in New England). On Wednesday, Women Entrepreneurs in Science and Technology (WEST for short), a non-profit focused on connecting and assisting women in roles at tech and life sciences companies, held its third Leadership Awards celebration. It spotlighted women … Continue reading “WEST Honors Women Leaders in Tech and Life Sciences to Encourage Others in the Fields”
Biogen CEO Retires, Genzyme Board Nominates Amgen Vet and Strikes Deal with Icahn, Xconomy Spotlights Life Sciences XSITE Speakers, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News
We were buzzing this week with news from the boardrooms at big pharma companies, introductions to the life sciences personalities presenting at our XSITE innovation forum, and profiles on emerging health IT companies. —IBM declared medicine authentication company Sproxil the winner of its Boston SmartCamp, a day-long competition for companies working in “smart” technology, which … Continue reading “Biogen CEO Retires, Genzyme Board Nominates Amgen Vet and Strikes Deal with Icahn, Xconomy Spotlights Life Sciences XSITE Speakers, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News”
Etouches Grabs $2.5M
Etouches, a Ridgefield, CT-based maker of event management software, announced it has raised $2.5 million in an initial round of venture capital funding, led by Greycroft Partners. The company launched in 1988 in the meeting planning industry, but has evolved into a software-as-a-service business. Connecticut Innovations and Cava Capital also participated in the financing, which … Continue reading “Etouches Grabs $2.5M”
Harvest Automation, With Dreams of Becoming the next iRobot, Sets Sight on Machines to Harvest Shrubs
Harvest Automation has a straightforward vision on how to target a market for its robotics technology, which comes from iRobot veterans. “Basically, it’s go where the labor is,” says CEO and co-founder Charles Grinnell. And it’s starting with agriculture. The Billerica, MA-based startup is developing fleets of robots designed to speed up the labor-intensive task … Continue reading “Harvest Automation, With Dreams of Becoming the next iRobot, Sets Sight on Machines to Harvest Shrubs”
Flagship Plans $300M New Fund, Boston TechStars Pitch to Area Investors, AutoVirt Raises $1.5M, & More Boston-Area Deals News
We’ve been lighter on news of New England financings in the last week, but we saw some headlines from investing firms and startup mentoring programs, alongside a few smaller deals for software and life sciences companies. —GlaxoSmithKline’s venture arm SR One led a $22 million Series B funding round for Cambridge, MA-based Constellation Pharmaceuticals, a … Continue reading “Flagship Plans $300M New Fund, Boston TechStars Pitch to Area Investors, AutoVirt Raises $1.5M, & More Boston-Area Deals News”
AutoVirt Gets $1.5M
AutoVirt, a maker of file virtualization software, has raised $1.5 million in debt and options and warrants funding, according to an SEC filing. We last wrote about the Nashua, NH-based company in November, when it grabbed another $5 million in Series A money, bringing its funding total to $13.5 million. The startup is backed by … Continue reading “AutoVirt Gets $1.5M”
Counterfeit Medicine Fighter Sproxil Declared Winner at IBM SmartCamp Event Spotlighting Technology that Improves the Physical World
IBM predicts the next big set of opportunities in technology will be in the “intersection of the physical and digital world,” says Deborah Magid, a director in the company’s Venture Capital Group. “It used to be where IT was never a part of our lives,” she said at an event Thursday celebrating the use of … Continue reading “Counterfeit Medicine Fighter Sproxil Declared Winner at IBM SmartCamp Event Spotlighting Technology that Improves the Physical World”
Follica Grabs $7.5M, Glaxo’s SR One Leads $22M Round For Constellation, MoMelan Seeks to Improve Skin Grafts, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News
There were fewer life sciences headlines this week than we’ve seen lately, but the news covered an array of biotech companies fighting everything from baldness to skin disease to stubborn bacteria. —Watertown, MA-based Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals pulled in a $45 million Series C round that was led by new investor Excel Venture Management and also included … Continue reading “Follica Grabs $7.5M, Glaxo’s SR One Leads $22M Round For Constellation, MoMelan Seeks to Improve Skin Grafts, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News”
Zipcar Files for $75M IPO, Tetraphase Gets $45M, Covidien Acquires ev3 for $2.6B, & More Boston-Area Deals News
Monday may have been a holiday, but New England’s tech and life sciences companies haven’t slowed down their deal making. We’ve had plenty of headlines of acquisitions, an IPO, and venture funding rounds for companies we’ve covered before and other not-so-familiar names. —Expressor Software, a Burlington, MA-based integration software provider, raised $4.5 million in expansion … Continue reading “Zipcar Files for $75M IPO, Tetraphase Gets $45M, Covidien Acquires ev3 for $2.6B, & More Boston-Area Deals News”
$9M for SynapDx
Waltham, MA-based SynapDx,a developer of diagnostic technology for the early detection of autism, announced it has completed a $9 million Series A financing, with backing from Bain Capital, General Catalyst Partners, and North Bridge Venture Partners. The startup was founded by Stanley Lapidus, an entrepreneur known for starting life sciences companies such as Helicos BioSciences … Continue reading “$9M for SynapDx”
FDA Approves Genzyme Pompe Drug, Vertex Hepatitis C Drug Trial Succeeds, Thermo Fisher Acquires Fermentas, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News
Life sciences news in the past week has run the gamut, from stealthy companies emerging with funding to big name drug makers scoring FDA approval and successful drug trial results, not to mention a few headlines of partnerships and acquisitions. —Logical Therapeutics, a Waltham, MA-based developer of anti-inflammatory drugs designed to be safer on the … Continue reading “FDA Approves Genzyme Pompe Drug, Vertex Hepatitis C Drug Trial Succeeds, Thermo Fisher Acquires Fermentas, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News”
OzVision Grabs $4.9M
Woburn, MA-based OzVision Global, a developer of remote video platform technology for surveillance and telecommunications companies, has pulled in $4.9 million out of a planned $6.7 million offering of convertible notes, according to an SEC filing. The company’s website lists its investors as Aviv Venture Capital and Kardan Communications, firms that are represented on the filing … Continue reading “OzVision Grabs $4.9M”
Logical and Arsenal Get $10M Apiece, Constant Contact Acquires NutshellMail, Avila Gets $209M From Clovis, & More Boston-Area Deals News
Biotech companies occupied the majority of the deals news in the last week, but we also saw headlines on smaller transactions and acquisitions for some transportation, Internet, and software companies. —Darien, CT-based Cytogel Pharma, a biopharmaceutical development firm, pulled in $2.2 million in equity and rights-based funding. The company, which aims to license drugs to … Continue reading “Logical and Arsenal Get $10M Apiece, Constant Contact Acquires NutshellMail, Avila Gets $209M From Clovis, & More Boston-Area Deals News”
Microsoft Expands its “NERDy” Kendall Square R&D Presence to One Cambridge Center
Microsoft announced today that it will be taking over another chunk of Cambridge’s Kendall Square neighborhood this summer. The company said it will expand its New England Research & Development Center—affectionately known as NERD—by leasing another 113,000 square feet at One Cambridge Center, down the road from NERD’s One Memorial Drive location. The initial phase … Continue reading “Microsoft Expands its “NERDy” Kendall Square R&D Presence to One Cambridge Center”
New England’s Lucky Seven: Under the Radar Startup Financings in April
What do an online music marketing service, a maker of a platform that helps employers target job ads to potential candidates based on what they read, and a developer of treatments for Alzheimer’s disease all have in common? They’re all New England companies that pulled in financings worth less than $1 million in April, or … Continue reading “New England’s Lucky Seven: Under the Radar Startup Financings in April”
Swaptree Gets New CEO, Funding
Swaptree, a Boston-based website enabling users to trade used books, DVDs, CDs, and video games, announced today that it has hired Jeff Bennett as its CEO, and said it has completed a $6 million round of funding. Bennett comes from NameMedia, a domain name marketplace, where he served as founder, president, and chief operating officer. … Continue reading “Swaptree Gets New CEO, Funding”
Scanning the World for Reliable Suppliers, Panjiva Seeks to Bring Order to a Messy Process
If you’re in an industry where you depend on suppliers from across the globe, searching the Web for a part or a collaborator isn’t exactly as easy as trying to figure out where you should eat dinner. Josh Green discovered this around 2005 when he was a Harvard Business School student interning at E Ink, … Continue reading “Scanning the World for Reliable Suppliers, Panjiva Seeks to Bring Order to a Messy Process”
Vertex Awaits Results of Hepatitis C Drug Trial, Helicos and Pfizer Cut Jobs, St. Jude Acquires LightLab, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News
Looks like life sciences companies reclaimed their territory in our headlines this week. We saw news of funding deals, acquisitions, and layoffs, and profiles on drugmakers and device developers. —Rockland, MA-based BioSphere Medical (NASDAQ: [[ticker:BSMD]]), which makes bio-engineered microspheres to be injected to cut off the blood supply to tumors, vascular malformations, and uterine fibroids, … Continue reading “Vertex Awaits Results of Hepatitis C Drug Trial, Helicos and Pfizer Cut Jobs, St. Jude Acquires LightLab, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News”
Open Angel Forum Hits Boston
Open Angel Forum, a series of events for connecting entrepreneurs with investors, announced it will be hitting Boston for the first time, with an event on June 18. The program started as a way to counter startup pitching events where entrepreneurs are required to pay to get in front of angel investors. Open Angel, which … Continue reading “Open Angel Forum Hits Boston”
Just For Women: Pixability’s Bettina Hein Crafts Boston-Area Network for Female CEOs
When Bettina Hein ran a tech company in Europe, about one out of 100 executives she met were women. “It was so exotic for me to be a female entrepreneur in technology,” she says. The CEO of Cambridge, MA-based Pixability, a startup that makes low-cost marketing videos for businesses, said she was encouraged that there … Continue reading “Just For Women: Pixability’s Bettina Hein Crafts Boston-Area Network for Female CEOs”
Terrafugia Lands $2M
Terrafugia, a Woburn, MA-based company out to make the first practical flying car, has landed a $2 million equity offering from 20 investors, an SEC filing shows. CEO Carl Dietrich said the funding represents the company’s Series B round, and will go to developing the next generation of its flying car, which it will publicly … Continue reading “Terrafugia Lands $2M”
C-Crete Wins $100K, BioSphere and Double-Take Get Taken Out, General Compression Adds to Series A, & More Boston-Area Deals News
We saw a mix of headlines on early funding rounds, business plan competitions, and acquisitions from startups in the software, mobile hardware, Internet, energy, and biotech sectors. —Cambridge, MA-based Sand 9, a maker of tiny timer and frequency control technology for wireless devices, said it secured a $12 million Series B financing, led by new … Continue reading “C-Crete Wins $100K, BioSphere and Double-Take Get Taken Out, General Compression Adds to Series A, & More Boston-Area Deals News”
Pfizer Slices 300 Jobs in MA
Pharmaceutical giant Pfizer announced today it will be eliminating 300 manufacturing jobs by the end of 2015 at its Andover, MA, biotech plant, as part of a restructuring plan following its $68 billion acquisition of New Jersey-based Wyeth (NYSE: [[ticker:WYE]]) last year. Pfizer will be cutting about 6,000 jobs over the next few years, by … Continue reading “Pfizer Slices 300 Jobs in MA”
$25K for Boston Innovation District Startup
[Updated and corrected, 5:00 pm, 5/18/10] Boston Mayor Thomas Menino announced today that Spencer Trask Collaborative Innovations will sponsor a startup competition starting in July, and award $25,000 for the winning company to work in the “Innovation District” that the city is developing, the Boston Globe reported. [Note: Originally we cited venture capital firm Spencer … Continue reading “$25K for Boston Innovation District Startup”
Inspired by Iron Man, Zazu Makes Mobile App for More Intelligent Wake-Up Calls
Punit Shah used to think that there was no good reason that JARVIS, the artificial intelligence personal assistant to the Iron Man comic series protagonist Tony Stark, shouldn’t exist in real life. It’s an idea that he brought with him to Boston’s Startup Weekend in December, an event where aspiring entrepreneurs team up for 54 … Continue reading “Inspired by Iron Man, Zazu Makes Mobile App for More Intelligent Wake-Up Calls”
Double-Take Acquired for $242M
Double-Take Software (NASDAQ: [[ticker:DBTK]]), a Southborough, MA-based maker of software for data protection and recovery, announced it will be acquired by Vision Solutions, an Irvine, CA-headquartered portfolio company of private equity firm Thoma Bravo. The deal has a net value of about $242 million and puts Double-Take common stock at $10.55 a share, a 21 … Continue reading “Double-Take Acquired for $242M”
Illume’s iZUP Mobile App Padlocks Cell Phones to Eliminate the Temptation to Talk or Text While Driving
If you’ve been paying attention to news headlines, consumer safety reports, and state laws, you know that you shouldn’t be talking or texting on your cell phone while driving. But sometimes the temptation to stay off your phone is just too strong, especially when it rings or beeps with incoming calls or texts. And now, … Continue reading “Illume’s iZUP Mobile App Padlocks Cell Phones to Eliminate the Temptation to Talk or Text While Driving”
Local Investors Launch New Fund
Venrock VP David Beisel is joining with former Spark Capital senior associate Rob Go and former Point Judith Capital principal Lee Hower to form a venture capital fund focused on investing in early-stage companies, Mass High Tech reported today, citing venture investors close to the three. Last month Go announced he was leaving his position … Continue reading “Local Investors Launch New Fund”
BioSphere Medical Acquired by Merit Medical
Rockland, MA-based BioSphere Medical, a developer of treatments for tumors, vascular malformations, and uterine fibroids, announced on Thursday that it will be acquired by Utah’s Merit Medical Systems (NASDAQ: [[ticker:MMSI]]) for $96 million in cash. The deal, which is expected to close third quarter of 2010 pending regulatory and stockholder approval, puts BioSphere (NASDAQ: [[ticker:BSMD]]) … Continue reading “BioSphere Medical Acquired by Merit Medical”
Oxford’s Fambrough Leaves for Dicerna, Clinical Data Aims to Take on Big Pharma with Antidepressants, Genzyme’s Termeer Courts Shareholders, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News
It was a lighter-than-usual week for breaking news stories from New England’s life sciences companies, so we used the time to take a closer look at trends and companies we’ve come across before. —Doug Fambrough, a general partner at Boston’s Oxford Bioscience Partners, left his full-time position at the venture firm to become CEO of … Continue reading “Oxford’s Fambrough Leaves for Dicerna, Clinical Data Aims to Take on Big Pharma with Antidepressants, Genzyme’s Termeer Courts Shareholders, & More Boston-Area Life Sciences News”
New England Startups Collect $203M in April; Life Sciences and Internet Sectors Top the List
The Boston-area pollen count surged in April, but venture financings experienced a more modest increase. New England’s tech and life sciences startups raised a total of $202.9 million in 21 equity-based deals, compared to March’s $194.5 million raised in 17 deals, according to data provided by our partner, private company intelligence platform, CB Insights. (Note, … Continue reading “New England Startups Collect $203M in April; Life Sciences and Internet Sectors Top the List”